Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2025
Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
Published on: July 24, 2016
Pathogenesis of enterovirus infection in central nervous system
Congcong Wang1,2, Jichen Li2, Ying Liu2
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
Abstract:
Enteroviruses (EVs) are classified into 15 species according to their sequence diversity. They include four human EV (A, B, C, and D) and three rhinoviruses (A, B, and C), and cause diseases in millions of people worldwide. Generally, individuals with enteroviral infections have mild clinical symptoms, including respiratory illness, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and fever. More importantly, some members of the human EV family are neurotropic pathogens that may cause a wide range of clinical diseases, such as aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Previously, the EV that caused the most severe neurotropic symptoms was poliovirus (PV), a member of the EV C group. Poliovirus has been eliminated in most countries through a global vaccination campaign. Non-PV EVs infect the central nervous system (CNS) and are the major EVs causing neurological diseases. These human non-PV EVs include EV A (e.g., EV-A71, CVA6, and CVA16), B (e.g., CVA9 and CVB3, CVB5, echovirus 11 [E11], E30, and E7), C (e.g., CVA24), and D (e.g., EV-D68). Here, we review the relationship between EV infection and CNS diseases and advance in the use of cellular receptors and host immune responses during viral infection.
Insights
Enteroviruses (EVs) cause mild illnesses but some strains can lead to severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases like meningitis and encephalitis. This review explores EV-CNS disease links, focusing on cellular receptors and immune responses.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
Background:
- Enteroviruses (EVs) encompass 15 species, including human EVs (A-D) and rhinoviruses (A-C), responsible for widespread global infections.
- While most EV infections present with mild symptoms like fever and respiratory illness, certain strains are neurotropic, causing severe neurological conditions such as aseptic meningitis and encephalitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex relationship between enterovirus infections and central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
- To discuss advancements in understanding the roles of cellular receptors and host immune responses in the context of EV infections affecting the CNS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on enteroviruses and neurological diseases.
- Analysis of scientific data concerning viral entry mechanisms via cellular receptors.
- Examination of studies detailing host immune system interactions during enterovirus infections.
Main Results:
- Non-polio enteroviruses (non-PV EVs) are identified as the primary cause of neurological diseases affecting the CNS.
- Specific human non-PV EVs, including Enterovirus A (e.g., EV-A71), Enterovirus B (e.g., echovirus 11), Enterovirus C (e.g., CVA24), and Enterovirus D (e.g., EV-D68), are implicated in CNS infections.
- The review highlights the critical role of cellular receptors in viral entry and the modulation of host immune responses in disease pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Enteroviruses, particularly non-polio strains, represent a significant threat for causing central nervous system diseases.
- Understanding the interplay between viral cellular receptors and host immunity is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies against enteroviral neurological infections.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
01:28Disorders of the Nervous Tissue
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises...