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Safety Risk Assessment of an Autonomous Agricultural Machine.

Guy Roger Aby¹, Salah F Issa¹, Girish Chowdhary¹

¹Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health

|March 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Safety standards for autonomous agricultural machines are insufficient. Ergonomic analysis is crucial for improving the safety of these innovative robots, as current risk assessment methods lack data for new technologies.

Keywords:

Autonomous agricultural machine Ergonomics Machine safety NIOSH lifting equation Risk assessment Standards

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Engineering
Robotics
Human Factors Engineering

Background:

Autonomous agricultural machines offer potential benefits but pose unique safety challenges.
Existing safety standards may not adequately address the risks associated with novel autonomous systems.
Human-robot interaction is a critical aspect of safety in agricultural automation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety compliance of an autonomous agricultural machine (TerraPreta) against ISO 18497 and ISO 12100:2012.
To investigate the ergonomic factors influencing the safety of autonomous agricultural machine operation.
To identify limitations in current safety standards for emerging autonomous agricultural technologies.

Main Methods:

Expert evaluation of machine functionalities against ISO 18497 by manufacturing engineers.
Risk assessment of the autonomous machine during operation using ISO 12100:2012 methodologies.
Analysis of human-robot interaction tasks, specifically seed hopper filling, for ergonomic hazards.

Main Results:

Only 50% of the autonomous machine's functionalities met the safety requirements of ISO 18497.
ISO 12100:2012 risk assessment is ineffective for autonomous machines due to its reliance on historical failure data.
Manual seed bag lifting for hopper filling presented a moderate ergonomic hazard.

Conclusions:

Current safety guidelines (ISO 18497) are inadequate for ensuring the safe operation of autonomous agricultural machines.
Risk assessment standards (ISO 12100:2012) require adaptation for novel autonomous technologies lacking historical data.
Integrating ergonomic considerations can significantly enhance the safety of autonomous agricultural machines.