Deep learning in nuclear medicine: from imaging to therapy

Deep learning, a leading technology in artificial intelligence (AI), has shown remarkable potential in revolutionizing nuclear medicine.

This review presents recent advancements in deep learning applications, particularly in nuclear medicine imaging, lesion detection, and radiopharmaceutical therapy.

Leveraging various neural network architectures, deep learning has significantly enhanced the accuracy of image reconstruction, lesion segmentation, and diagnosis, improving the efficiency of disease detection and treatment planning. The integration of deep learning with functional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) enable more precise diagnostics, while facilitating the development of personalized treatment strategies. Despite its promising outlook, there are still some limitations and challenges, particularly in model interpretability, generalization across diverse datasets, multimodal data fusion, and the ethical and legal issues faced in its application.

As technological advancements continue, deep learning is poised to drive substantial changes in nuclear medicine, particularly in the areas of precision healthcare, real-time treatment monitoring, and clinical decision-making. Future research will likely focus on overcoming these challenges and further enhancing model transparency, thus improving clinical applicability.