Tissue-Adaptable Hydrogel for Mechanically Compliant Bioelectronic Interfaces.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Bioelectronics
• Tissue Engineering

Background:

• Hydrogels are crucial for bioelectronics due to their biocompatibility and softness.
• A need exists for conformal hydrogel biointerfaces to connect electronic devices with irregular tissue surfaces.
• Developing materials with tissue-adapted conductivity is essential for effective bioelectrical transduction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a shape-adaptive, electroactive hydrogel with tissue-adapted conductivity for bioelectronic applications.
• To investigate the role of molecular-level modifications in enhancing hydrogel properties.
• To create a dynamic, compliant bioelectronic interface for improved tissue integration and function.

Main Methods:

• Precisely regulating molecular chains and polymer networks of multisource gelatin.
• Utilizing ion interactions between gelatin and sodium citrate to form electrostatic domains.
• Employing a reversible fluid-gel transition for *in situ* hydrogel formation and tissue integration.

Main Results:

• A shape-adaptive electroactive hydrogel with tissue-adapted conductivity (≈1.03 S/m) was successfully synthesized.
• Local amine-carboxylate electrostatic domains enhanced physiological adaptability and regulated biodegradation.
• The hydrogel demonstrated *in situ* gelatinization, forming a dynamic, compliant interface via chemical bonding and topological effects.
• The hydrogel's mechanical-electrical coupling facilitated bioelectrical conduction reconstruction and electrical stimulation therapy.

Conclusions:

• The developed hydrogel offers a promising solution for conformal bioelectronic interfaces.
• Its tunable properties and *in situ* adaptability enhance integration with biological tissues.
• The material holds potential for applications in tissue regeneration and sensory restoration through bioelectrical modulation.