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Updated: May 22, 2025

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
Published on: October 13, 2018
Risk factors for precocious puberty: A systematic review and meta‑analysis
Ya Wang1, Hao Gou1, Junjun Guo1
1Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39, Shierqiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
Purpose:
Precocious puberty (PP) typically refers to the initiation of puberty prior to the age of eight in females and before the age of nine in males. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to pinpoint the risk factors linked to PP, thereby facilitating early diagnosis and timely intervention for individuals at high risk.
Methods:
A thorough search was carried out in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases up to November 10, 2024. The eligible studies comprised participants diagnosed with PP in the exposure group and participants without PP in the control group. The odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were computed using a random-effects model.
Results:
Out of 653 initially identified papers, 13 studies involving 15 cohorts were ultimately included. The mate-analysis findings indicated significant associations between several factors and the incidence of PP: BMI, maternal menarche age, and duration of breastfeeding. These three factors are significantly associated with the presence of pp: estrogen (E2) levels, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.
Conclusion:
The occurrence of PP is strongly associated with several factors including BMI, maternal menarche age, and breastfeeding duration. The presence of PP is associated with three factors including E2, LH, FSH.
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