Somatic symptom severity during acute illnesses among children with functional gastrointestinal disorders

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI symptoms, risk factors for which commonly include psychosocial and physical stresses.

This study aimed to compare somatic symptom severity between children with FGIDs and healthy controls during acute illnesses.

This was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study whose inclusion criterion was age 4-18 years. Children were classified into FGID and control groups using the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. Somatic symptom severity was estimated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Children's Somatic Symptoms Inventory-24 (CSSI-24) questionnaire and compared between groups.

Ninety-three children, including 40 with FGIDs (43%), were enrolled. The FGID group had statistically significantly higher VAS scores for abdominal pain than controls (2.93±3.68 vs. 0.72±2.08, P<0.001). However, no significant intergroup differences were noted in VAS scores for nausea (P=0.493) or headache (P=0.311). For somatization symptoms, the CSSI-24 total (20.58±18.32 vs. 7.06±10.49, P<0.001), GI symptom (9.60±7.48 vs. 2.43±3.39, P≤0.001) and non-GI symptom (10.98±11.67 vs. 4.62±7.88, P< 0.001) scores were significantly higher for the FGID versus control groups, respectively.

Children with FGIDs exhibited more significant somatic symptoms than controls during acute illnesses. GI and non-GI manifestations were significantly more common in children with FGIDs.