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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

605
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
605
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:34

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

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Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
7.5K
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

357
Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
357
¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview00:58

¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview

1.3K
The intensity of a signal, which can be represented by the area under the peak, depends on the number of protons contributing to that signal. The area under each peak is shown as a vertical line called an integral, with the integral value listed under it, as seen in the proton NMR spectrum of benzyl acetate. Each integral value is divided by the smallest integral value to obtain the ratio of the number of protons producing each signal. The ratio reveals the relative number of protons and not...
1.3K
Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation01:23

Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation

1.5K
Upon ionization, aromatic compounds generate a molecular ion that is observed as a prominent peak in their mass spectra. For example, the molecular ion peak for benzene appears at a mass-to-charge ratio of 78, while toluene is observed at a mass-to-charge ratio of 92. The molecular ion benzene is highly stable and does not readily undergo further fragmentation due to the significant amount of energy required to disrupt the aromatic stability of the benzene ring. In contrast, the molecular ion...
1.5K
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

660
The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS
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ICPMS/MS with Benzene Vapor.

Bodo Hattendorf1, Tiphanie Renevey1, Detlef Günther1

  • 1ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Benzene addition to inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry enhances analyte detection by reducing spectral interferences. This method significantly improves the sensitivity for elements like sulfur and selenium.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Atomic Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) is a powerful technique for elemental analysis.
  • Spectral overlaps from isobaric and molecular ions often limit the sensitivity and accuracy of ICP-MS/MS.
  • Developing strategies to mitigate these interferences is crucial for trace element determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of benzene vapor in the reaction cell of an ICP-MS/MS to improve analyte detection.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of benzene adducts in separating atomic ions from spectral interferences.
  • To quantify the improvements in sensitivity and background equivalent concentrations (BECs) for various analytes.

Main Methods:

  • Benzene vapor was introduced into the helium flow of an octopole reaction cell in an ICP-MS/MS.

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A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer SMPS-ICPMS
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  • Product ion spectra were recorded for plasma-based atomic and molecular ions.
  • Analyte and interferent sensitivity ratios and BECs were compared with and without benzene addition, and with co-added adducts (oxo, water).

    • Main Results:

    • Benzene addition significantly improved analyte detection, achieving up to 4 orders of magnitude improvement in BECs for some analytes.
    • Substantial detection improvements were observed for sulfur (S) and selenium (Se), with BECs reduced to μg/L and ng/L ranges, respectively.
    • Combined use of benzene with oxo or water adducts yielded sensitivity ratios >10^4 for separating isobaric isotopes (Rb/Sr) and molecular interferences (CeO+/Gd+). Benzene also reduced BEC for Si by nearly 3 orders of magnitude.

    Conclusions:

    • Benzene addition is an effective strategy for reducing spectral interferences in ICP-MS/MS, leading to enhanced sensitivity.
    • The combination of benzene with other adducts further improves the separation of challenging isobaric and molecular interferences.
    • This approach offers a valuable tool for improving the detection limits of various elements, including S, Se, and Si.