4D printing polymeric biomaterials for adaptive tissue regeneration

4D printing polymeric biomaterials can change their morphology or performance in response to stimuli from the external environment, compensating for the shortcomings of traditional 3D-printed static structures. This paper provides a systematic overview of 4D printing polymeric biomaterials for tissue regeneration and provides an in-depth discussion of the principles of these materials, including various smart properties, unique deformation mechanisms under stimulation conditions, and so on. A series of typical polymeric biomaterials and their composites are introduced from structural design and preparation methods, and their applications in tissue regeneration are discussed. Finally, the development prospect of 4D printing polymeric biomaterials is envisioned, aiming to provide innovative ideas and new perspectives for their more efficient and convenient application in tissue regeneration.