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Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Brain01:31

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
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Age- and Sex-Specific Patterns in Adult Brain Network Segregation.

Abhijot Singh Sidhu1,2,3,4,5, Kaue T N Duarte2,3,4,5,6, Talal H Shahid2,3,4,5

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Human Brain Mapping
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain networks become less segregated with age, a process that differs between sexes. Females exhibit more segregated associative networks, suggesting greater efficiency and specialization across adulthood.

Keywords:
agingdedifferentiationfunctional connectivitynetwork segregationresting‐statesex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Human brain networks segregate for cognitive and sensory processing.
  • Network segregation decreases with age, potentially linked to cognitive decline.
  • Previous studies were limited by sample size, spatial scale, age range, and sex differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate age-related changes in brain network segregation.
  • To examine these changes across multiple spatial scales and specific functional networks.
  • To address the understudied role of sex differences in network reorganization.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 357 participants (18-91 years).
  • Calculation of segregation index (SI) at whole-brain, intermediate, and core network levels (VIS, SMN, FPN, VAN, DAN, DMN).
  • Statistical analysis using linear regression to assess age, sex, and interaction effects on SI.

Main Results:

  • Replicated decreased network segregation across adulthood, with specific quadratic decreases in whole-brain, associative, VAN, and DMN, and linear decreases in sensory networks (VIS, SMN).
  • Observed preferential functional connectivity increases between adjacent associative networks and between associative and sensory networks.
  • Identified significant sex differences: females showed higher SI in whole-brain, associative, DMN, VAN, and FPN; females had reduced inter-associative network connectivity (DAN-VAN, VAN-FPN).

Conclusions:

  • Functional brain networks reorganize and become less segregated with age, reflecting neural dedifferentiation or compensatory mechanisms.
  • Aging trajectories of network segregation vary between associative and sensory networks.
  • Females exhibit inherently more segregated associative networks, suggesting greater functional efficiency and specialization compared to males.