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Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

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Closed-loop polarization mode dispersion mitigation for fiber-optic time and frequency transfer.

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    A novel polarization-switching pulse interleaver effectively reduces timing noise in fiber optic time transfer. This method achieves precise timing over long distances using standard single-mode fibers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optical Communications
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Timing noise from polarization mode dispersion (PMD) limits precision in optical fiber time transfer.
    • Mode-locked lasers and standard single-mode (SM) fibers are crucial for high-accuracy time and frequency transfer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effectiveness of a polarization-switching pulse interleaver in mitigating timing noise.
    • To assess the feasibility of achieving sub-femtosecond-level time transfer over long-haul fiber links.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a polarization-switching pulse interleaver in a time transfer system.
    • Testing over a 30-km dispersion-compensated fiber link with 300 fs differential group delay.
    • Analysis of timing variations and identification of residual noise sources.

    Main Results:

    • Polarization interleaving reduced timing delay variations to below 20 fs.
    • Identified polarization-dependent loss and AM-to-PM conversion as sources of remaining drift.
    • Demonstrated a simple approach for mitigating polarization dependence.

    Conclusions:

    • Polarization-switching pulse interleaving significantly reduces timing noise in fiber optic time transfer.
    • Further improvements require a "double-balanced" phase detector to address polarization-dependent loss and AM-to-PM conversion.
    • This technique offers a promising path towards sub-femtosecond-level long-term time transfer in standard single-mode fiber networks.