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$Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction$

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Compact underwater single-photon imaging lidar.

Mingjia Shangguan, Ye Li, Yican Mo

|March 14, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a compact, all-fiber underwater lidar system for marine exploration. The novel system uses single-photon detection and advanced algorithms to image targets effectively, even in challenging deep-sea conditions.

Area of Science:

Marine optics
Photonics
Optical engineering

Background:

Underwater target imaging is crucial for marine resource exploration and navigation.
Traditional lidar systems face limitations in underwater environments due to water's absorption and scattering properties, as well as power and size constraints.
Developing compact, high-performance lidar for underwater deployment remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a compact, all-fiber underwater imaging lidar system.
To overcome the limitations of existing lidar technologies in challenging underwater conditions.
To enable effective imaging of small underwater targets for various marine applications.

Main Methods:

Development of a compact, all-fiber lidar with a cylindrical design (0.18m diameter, 0.68m length).

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Integration of highly sensitive single-photon detection technology.

Implementation of time-division multiplexing using fiber arrays and two single-pixel detectors for miniaturization.

Development of an algorithm to extract and subtract scattering signals from suspended particles.

Main Results:

The system achieved imaging distances exceeding 10 times the optical attenuation length in tank experiments.
Distance and lateral resolutions were successfully validated using step and stripe targets.
Demonstrated effective imaging of small underwater targets despite water's optical challenges.

Conclusions:

The developed compact, all-fiber lidar system offers a viable solution for underwater target imaging.
Its performance, including extended imaging range and resolution, makes it suitable for deep-sea environments.
This lidar system has broad application potential in underwater target monitoring, search operations, and complementing imaging sonar.