Prevention and control of HPV-related cancers in people living with HIV

The advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the lifespan of many people living with HIV. As a result, cancers driven by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have emerged as an increasingly important cause of mortality in this population. The complex interplay between HIV and HPV necessitates a deep understanding of the HPV-related cancer burden in people living with HIV and the integration of effective prevention strategies into their care. Although cervical cancer is a global concern, anal cancer is more important among people living with HIV in settings where HIV is more concentrated among men who have sex with men. High HPV prevalence, coupled with resource constraints, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of people living with HIV reside, creates substantial barriers to successful prevention and management of HPV-related malignancies. Implementing preventive measures, such as HPV vaccination and comprehensive screening programmes, is crucial and will require addressing existing health inequities and developing tailored interventions for people living with HIV. The development of enhanced secondary prevention tools and innovative treatment modalities is essential to mitigate the burden of HPV-associated cancers and improve the overall health outcomes for this vulnerable population.