High-performance air filters via NH₂-MIL-101 deposition on cellulosic paper substrate

Nowadays, growing particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a serious threat to human health. Due to its biodegradability, worldwide availability, easy processability and low cost, cellulose has attracted significant attention for air filter production. However, natural cellulose-based air filters feature the intrinsic limitations, such as low removal efficiency and susceptibility to bacterial contamination. Herein, we fabricated an NH₂-MIL-101@cellulose composite air filter with desirable manufacturing feasibility using the in-situ growth process combined with traditional papermaking techniques. The cellulosic substrate, rich in hydroxyls, fosters uniform NH₂-MIL-101 dispersion and secure anchoring, minimizing loss. Characterization techniques and Density Functional Theory calculations verified the unique interface between NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) and cellulose. At a testing wind speed of 2 m/s, the PM₁₀ (PM_2.5) filtration efficiency, pressure drop and quality factor for N101@BP-2 were 95.8 % (92.3 %), 31 Pa, and 0.102 Pa^-1 (0.0827 Pa^-1), respectively, harnessing fiber interception and MOF-mediated electrostatic effects. Furthermore, the antibacterial and biodegradable performance of NH₂-MIL-101@cellulose composite filter were assessed. This work provides instructive guidance for the research on advanced cellulose-based materials for air purification.