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Updated: May 10, 2026

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

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Grip Force Modulation on Median Nerve Morphology Changes.

Shengwei Li¹, Aaron M Kociolek², Lizbeth A Mariano³

¹Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

|March 15, 2025

Summary

Grip force exertion alters median nerve shape and size, potentially contributing to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) development, especially in the dominant hand. This suggests dynamic median nerve evaluation could aid in understanding CTS risk.

Keywords:

carpal tunnel median nerve subsynovial connective tissue ultrasonography

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Neuroscience
Medical Imaging

Background:

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by median nerve compression.
Ultrasound imaging can assess median nerve indicators for CTS diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between grip force modulation and dynamic morphological changes of the median nerve.
To explore the potential of median nerve dynamics in carpal tunnel assessment.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous measurement of grip force using a digital dynamometer and ultrasound imaging.
Ultrasound images were captured during various grip force levels (0-100% MVF) and relaxation phases.
Analysis included median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) and shape parameters (flattening, diameter changes).

Main Results:

Median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) decreased during grip tasks compared to baseline.
The dominant median nerve showed increased flattening (larger D1, smaller D2) upon relaxation after grip exertion.
No significant shape changes were observed in the nondominant hand.

Conclusions:

Increased hand usage, grip exertion, and force modulation correlate with median nerve morphological changes.
These dynamic changes may contribute to median nerve injury and CTS development.
Median nerve dynamics show potential for evaluating carpal tunnel conditions.