Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Caused by Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans: A Retrospective Study

Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common inflammatory condition caused by Candida species, primarily Candida albicans, manifesting with symptoms such as itching, erythema, and curd-like discharge. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), defined by three or more symptomatic yeast infections within a year, poses significant challenges in management due to factors such as antifungal resistance and comorbidities. Materials and methods This retrospective descriptive study analyzed 11 cases of RVVC due to fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Data included demographic characteristics, medical history, presenting symptoms, recurrence duration, treatment modalities, comorbidities, and outcomes. Microbiological analysis involved vaginal swabs for fungal culture and antifungal susceptibility testing. The study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines. Results Patients, primarily pre-menopausal females aged 20 to 53 years, presented with vaginal itching and discharge. The mean duration of recurrent episodes, defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of RVVC to the last documented recurrence, was 1.5 years, with varied treatment responses. Comorbidities such as obesity and hypertension were noted, along with global representation. Conclusion RVVC is multifactorial and influenced by factors such as antifungal resistance and immune status. Diagnosis relies on comprehensive evaluation and microbiological testing. Effective management of RVVC requires personalized strategies and long-term monitoring. Despite challenges, individualized approaches can optimize outcomes and enhance the quality of life of affected individuals. Further research is warranted to refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.