A mixed methods assessment of disaster management perceptions among healthcare practitioners in Qatar

In response to the growing frequency and complexity of disasters, healthcare practitioners (HCPs) must be proficient in disaster management. Research on HCPs' perceptions of disaster management often lacks the comprehensive scope needed to address diverse healthcare challenges. This study aimed to assess HCPs' perceptions of their disaster management capabilities, focusing on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices, as well as their willingness to continue practicing during disasters. Additionally, it assessed organization-based management approaches and explored the opportunities and challenges associated with disaster prevention and control strategies. An explanatory mixed-methods approach guided by the Disaster Management Framework was followed. Quantitative data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire administered to a stratified random sample of 771 HCPs from various health organizations across Qatar. Of these, 436 responded (response rate: 56.5%), with 403 responses valid for the analysis. This sample exceeded the minimum required sample size (n = 379), which ensured adequate statistical power. Qualitative data were obtained through six online focus groups (FGs) conducted via Microsoft Teams with 41 purposively selected HCPs, ensuring representation of those with disaster response experience. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and data collection continued until thematic saturation was reached. Integration of qualitative and quantitative findings was conducted at the interpretation and reporting levels using a contiguous narrative approach, enabling complementary insights and enhancing the coherence and validity of findings. Quantitative data indicated good perceptions among HCPs concerning their knowledge (median [IQR] = 41 [34-44], Min-Max = 18-55), attitude (median [IQR] = 46 [43-50], Min-Max = 10-55), willingness to practice (median [IQR] = 23 [1-24], Min-Max = 6-30), and their organization-based management (median [IQR] = 43 [40-50], Min-Max = 10-50). However, they reported less frequent involvement in practical disaster management activities (median [IQR] = 31 [24-39], Min-Max = 2-50). Higher disaster management perceptions were significantly associated with prior disaster training, administrative roles, and experience during national emergencies, gender, years of experience, profession, and worksite (p < 0.05). Qualitative data emphasized the importance of practical training, mental health support, technological innovations, interdisciplinary collaboration, community engagement, and robust planning and leadership to strengthen disaster management and enhance public health outcomes. The findings suggest that healthcare organizations worldwide should prioritize proactive disaster readiness, continuous assessment, comprehensive support systems, adaptable protocols, and public engagement to enhance system-wide resilience, adaptability, and community partnership in disaster management.