Recent Advances of Indium-Based Sulfides in Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

Urgent and significant, the mitigation of greenhouse effects and the preservation of the Earth's ecological environment are paramount concerns. Photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction technology holds immense promise as it directly harnesses renewable solar energy to convert CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels and valuable chemical products. Indium (In)-based sulfides have garnered significant attention in the realm of fundamental research on CO₂ photocatalytic conversion. The photocatalytic performance exhibited by In-based materials is attributed to the appropriate bandgap (E _g), unique electronic states, tunable atomic structure, and superior optoelectronic properties. Notably, In-based metal sulfides also show excellent potential for addressing challenges related to photocorrosion and carrier recombination. This paper highlighted the key structural features and commonly employed synthesis techniques of In-based metal sulfides. Furthermore, it summarized effective modification strategies aimed at optimizing the photocatalytic performance of these materials. A particular focus was placed on exploring the intricate structure-activity relationships, encompassing the influence of heterostructure construction, element doping, defect engineering, and co-catalyst modification on enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the article identified the current challenges and outlined the promising future directions for In-based photocatalysts, hoping to provide valuable references for researchers.