Nasal and Eustachian Tube Function During Menstrual Cycle.

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Physiology

Background:

• Hormonal fluctuations, specifically estrogen and progesterone, occur throughout the menstrual cycle.
• These hormonal shifts can influence various physiological processes in women.
• The impact of these changes on the upper respiratory tract requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the relationship between menstrual cycle phases and upper respiratory tract alterations.
• To assess changes in nasal patency and Eustachian Tube (ET) function during different cycle phases.
• To correlate hormonal levels with observed respiratory and ear symptoms.

Main Methods:

• Forty healthy women were studied, with some assessed in single phases (follicular phase [FP] or luteal phase [LP]) and others in both.
• Nasal patency was measured using rhinomanometry; ET function was assessed via tympanometry.
• Menstrual cycle phases were confirmed using ultrasound and hormonal assays; symptoms of nasal obstruction and ear blockage were screened.

Main Results:

• Nasal obstruction and ear blockage symptoms were significantly more prevalent during the LP compared to the FP.
• Reduced nasal airflow and middle ear pressure were observed during the LP.
• Higher levels of progesterone and estrogen in the LP correlated with increased nasal obstruction and ET swelling.

Conclusions:

• Elevated progesterone and estrogen levels during the LP significantly impact nasal patency and ET function.
• The luteal phase is associated with increased nasal resistance and hormonal influence on upper airway dynamics.
• Findings highlight the physiological effects of hormonal cycles on the upper respiratory system.