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Impact of Pregnancy Rhinitis on Olfactory Sensitivity: A Controlled Comparative Study.

Krystyna Sobczyk1, Alicja Grajczyk2, Karolina Dżaman1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.

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Pregnancy rhinitis significantly impairs sense of smell in pregnant individuals, even if they don't notice it. Nasal congestion from pregnancy rhinitis reduces olfactory sensitivity.

Keywords:
pregnancysmell disturbance

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Obstetrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves hormonal shifts and physiological changes.
  • Pregnancy rhinitis, characterized by nasal congestion without infection or allergies, affects pregnant individuals.
  • The impact of pregnancy rhinitis on olfactory perception is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of pregnancy rhinitis on the sense of smell.
  • To determine if nasal congestion in pregnancy rhinitis alters olfactory perception.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty pregnant women (third trimester) and 25 non-pregnant women (control) participated.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using Sniffin' Sticks and SNOT-22 questionnaire.
  • ENT examination, nasofiberoscopy, and rhinomanometry were performed.

Main Results:

  • Pregnant women showed significantly lower odor detection, discrimination, and identification scores.
  • Half of pregnant participants had objectively confirmed olfactory disturbances.
  • Most pregnant women with olfactory deficits did not report subjective smell impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy rhinitis leads to olfactory disturbances and reduced smell sensitivity in advanced pregnancy.
  • Subjective awareness of smell changes is often lacking despite objective deficits.
  • Swollen nasal mucosa in pregnancy impairs airflow and olfactory sensitivity.