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Nasal and Eustachian Tube Function During Menstrual Cycle.

Alicja Grajczyk1, Krystyna Sobczyk1, Karolina Dżaman1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.

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Hormonal changes during the luteal phase (LP) of the menstrual cycle significantly increase nasal obstruction and affect Eustachian Tube (ET) function in women. Higher estrogen and progesterone levels correlate with these upper respiratory symptoms.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hormonal fluctuations, specifically estrogen and progesterone, occur throughout the menstrual cycle.
  • These hormonal shifts can influence various physiological processes in women.
  • The impact of these changes on the upper respiratory tract requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between menstrual cycle phases and upper respiratory tract alterations.
  • To assess changes in nasal patency and Eustachian Tube (ET) function during different cycle phases.
  • To correlate hormonal levels with observed respiratory and ear symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Forty healthy women were studied, with some assessed in single phases (follicular phase [FP] or luteal phase [LP]) and others in both.
  • Nasal patency was measured using rhinomanometry; ET function was assessed via tympanometry.
  • Menstrual cycle phases were confirmed using ultrasound and hormonal assays; symptoms of nasal obstruction and ear blockage were screened.

Main Results:

  • Nasal obstruction and ear blockage symptoms were significantly more prevalent during the LP compared to the FP.
  • Reduced nasal airflow and middle ear pressure were observed during the LP.
  • Higher levels of progesterone and estrogen in the LP correlated with increased nasal obstruction and ET swelling.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated progesterone and estrogen levels during the LP significantly impact nasal patency and ET function.
  • The luteal phase is associated with increased nasal resistance and hormonal influence on upper airway dynamics.
  • Findings highlight the physiological effects of hormonal cycles on the upper respiratory system.