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Protection of Novel Adenovirus Vectored Vaccine in Rats Against Wild-Type Hepacivirus and Variant Infections
Shengxue Luo1, Qitao Deng2, Chaolan Liang3
1Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China.
Summary
A prime-boost regimen using the Sad23L-RHVns vaccine protected 77.8% of rats against rodent hepacivirus (RHV-rn1) infection. Resolved infections demonstrated sustained T cell immunity against variants, crucial for developing Hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccines are critical for global viral hepatitis elimination goals.
- Lack of effective animal models hinders HCV vaccine development.
- Rodent hepacivirus (RHV-rn1) in rats serves as a surrogate model for HCV infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the protective efficacy of the RHV-rn1 vaccine Sad23L-RHVns.
- To evaluate vaccine performance using a prime or prime-boost regimen.
- To investigate immune responses and protection against RHV-rn1 challenge and variants.
Main Methods:
- Constructed Sad23L-RHVns vaccine using RHV-rn1 nonstructural proteins (NS3-5B).
- Immunized SD rats with Sad23L-RHVns via prime or prime-boost intramuscular injection.
- Challenged rats with wild-type RHV-rn1 and subsequently with a variant strain.
Main Results:
- Prime immunization induced T-cell responses; boost significantly enhanced them.
- 77.8% of boosted rats cleared RHV-rn1 infection, unlike controls.
- Rats that cleared infection (resolvers) showed protective immunity against a variant and maintained high T-cell responses.
Conclusions:
- The Sad23L-RHVns vaccine with a prime-boost regimen offers significant protection against RHV-rn1.
- Sustained T cell immunity is essential for resolving RHV-rn1 infection and protection against variants.
- Findings provide insights for developing effective human HCV vaccines.
