A Decade of Ovarian Cancer in Indonesia: Epidemiology and Survival Analysis from 2010 to 2020

Background: Ovarian cancer is a major global health issue, ranking among the foremost causes of cancer-related death in women. Despite its prevalence, epidemiology data and survival analysis pertinent to Indonesia are few. This study seeks to address the information gap by analyzing the demographic characteristics, clinical aspects, and survival outcomes of ovarian cancer patients in Indonesia from 2010 to 2020. Methods: This observational study utilized data from the Indonesian Cancer Database. This study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Data collected included age, parity, overall survival, geographic distribution, ethnicity, occupation, FIGO stage, tumor types, category, and degree of differentiation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were employed to estimate survival probabilities over time. Results: The study cohort comprised 1065 patients with ovarian cancer. The cohort's mean age was 52.41 (12.56) years, with 45.35% of patients residing in Jakarta. A majority were unemployed (75.77%) and of Javanese ethnicity (61.88%). Serous carcinoma (68.26%) was the most prevalent tumor types, while a high percentage of unknown FIGO stages (66.95%) limited staging data. The survival median time varied, with significant survival variation observed across tumor types, degrees of differentiation, and FIGO stages. Patients with serous carcinoma showed aggressive behavior with a median survival of 1 month, whereas clear cell carcinoma had a median survival of 9 months. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for improved early detection and equitable access to care to enhance survival outcomes for ovarian cancer patients in Indonesia.