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Detecting Excitations of Pipes, Ropes, and Bars Using Piezo Sensors and Collecting Information Remotely.

Matteo Cirillo1, Enzo Reali1, Giuseppe Soda2

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 17, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a non-invasive method using piezo sensors to detect defects and excitations in metallic structures. The system can locate issues in structures like steel ropes and iron pipes, enabling remote monitoring of infrastructure.

Keywords:
acoustic excitationspiezoelectric sensorspipes monitoringpulse transmissionsignal handling and transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Structural Health Monitoring
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Non-destructive testing (NDT) is crucial for assessing the integrity of metallic structures.
  • Existing methods for defect detection can be invasive or limited in scope.
  • Real-time monitoring of large-scale metallic infrastructure, such as pipe networks, remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a non-invasive sensing method for detecting and localizing defects and excitations in metallic structures.
  • To assess the feasibility of using acoustic modes generated by light percussive impacts for defect detection.
  • To establish a remote monitoring capability for metallic infrastructure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sensitive piezo sensor assemblies attached to metallic elements (steel ropes, iron pipes, bars).
  • Generated acoustic modes via light percussive excitations (0.1 N strength).
  • Processed piezo sensor signals (few hundred millivolts) and transmitted data wirelessly using RF transmitters to a remote receiver.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected and spatially localized excitations and defects in metallic structures ranging from 1-6 m.
  • Achieved clean pulse-shaped sensor output signals.
  • Demonstrated the potential for remote analysis of structural conditions via RF transmission.

Conclusions:

  • The developed piezo-based sensing system offers a non-invasive and cost-effective solution for structural health monitoring.
  • The method is capable of detecting excitations from a distance, with potential applications in large-scale infrastructure monitoring.
  • The low power requirements and signal strength suggest scalability for extensive sensor networks, such as in pipe networks.