Enhanced dynamicity: evolutionary insights into amphibian mitogenomes architecture

Mitogenomes are known for their structural dynamics and the complexity of their rearrangement patterns. However, their utility in metazoan comparative biology has not been fully exploited. Vertebrate mitogenomes are now sufficiently representative to allow the development of more advanced methods for comparing genome architecture. Furthermore, the relatively robust phylogeny of vertebrates at higher taxonomic ranks allows us to infer the patterns of genome evolution accordingly. In this study, using amphibians as an example, we performed data cleaning and manual annotation on 1777 samples from the NCBI and identified 88 rearrangement types, most of which were clade-specific. In addition, we quantified genomic changes in an evolutionary framework and obtained stepwise growth curves of the architectural changes. This study provides new perspectives for understanding the evolution of the mitogenomes in amphibians and is expected to facilitate the qualitative and quantitative development of mitogenomes research.