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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Updated: May 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models
04:59

Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models

Published on: August 18, 2023

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Particle surface coating for dry powder inhaler formulations.

Yijing Huang1, Chanakya D Patil1, Kinnari Santosh Arte1

  • 1Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|March 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Particle coating improves dry powder inhaler (DPI) performance by enhancing aerosolization and stability. Advanced techniques are needed to optimize coating for complex drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
Aerosol performancedry powder inhalerparticle engineeringparticle surface propertiessurface coating

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Micronized particles in dry powder inhalers (DPIs) exhibit cohesion and adhesion due to high surface area.
  • Excipients like magnesium stearate can coat particles, improving aerosolization in carrier-based DPIs.
  • There is a growing need for high-dose, carrier-free DPIs, driving innovation in particle coating.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and advancements of particle coating in dry powder inhaler (DPI) development.
  • To discuss various functions and techniques of particle coating for DPIs.
  • To highlight the need for advanced characterization of particle coatings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on particle coating for DPIs.
  • Discussion of different coating functions: moisture resistance, morphology modification, stability enhancement, dissolution alteration.
  • Summary of coating techniques: solvent-based, dry, and vapor coating.
  • Overview of coating characterization methods.

Main Results:

  • Particle coating modifies inter-particulate forces, improving DPI performance.
  • Coating offers benefits such as moisture resistance, altered morphology, enhanced biologic stability, and modified dissolution.
  • Various coating techniques and characterization methods have been developed and applied.

Conclusions:

  • Particle coating is critical for DPI performance, especially for high-dose and carrier-free formulations.
  • Further advancements in coating materials, methods, and characterization are essential.
  • Relating coating properties to performance requires sophisticated techniques, particularly for complex drug modalities.