Vibration signal analysis for rolling bearings faults diagnosis based on deep-shallow features fusion

In engineering applications, the bearing faults diagnosis is essential for maintaining reliability and extending the lifespan of rotating machinery, thereby preventing unexpected industrial production downtime. Prompt fault diagnosis using vibration signals is vital to ensure seamless operation of industrial system avert catastrophic breakdowns, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure continuous productivity. As industries evolve and machines operate under diverse conditions, traditional fault detection methods often fall short. In spite of significant research in recent years, there remains a pressing need for improve existing methods of fault diagnosis. To fill this research gap, this research work aims to propose an efficient and robust system for diagnosing bearing faults, using deep and Shallow features. Through the evaluated experiments, our proposed model Multi-Block Histograms of Local Phase Quantization (MBH-LPQ) showed excellent performance in classification accuracy, and the audio-trained VGGish model showed the best performance in all tasks. Contributions of this work include: Combine the proposed Shallow descriptor, derived from a novel hand-crafted discriminative features MBH-LPQ, with deep features obtained from VGGish pre-trained of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using audio spectrograms, by merging at the score level using Weighted Sum (WS). This approach is designed to take advantage of the complementary strengths of both feature models, thus enhancing overall bearing fault diagnostic performance. Furthermore, experiments conducted to verify the approach's performance is assessed based on fault classification accuracy demonstrated a significant accuracy rate on two different noisy datasets, with an accuracy rate of 98.95% and 100% being reached on the CWRU and PU datasets benchmark, respectively.