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Exploring the causal effects of physical activity, diet, and nutrition on hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a

Haonan Qian1, Yaowen Liu1, Hyunsoo Choi1

  • 1Department of Physical Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
|March 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A low-calorie diet may increase hypertension risk, while calcium supplements impact hyperlipidaemia. Further research is needed to understand these links and develop effective cardiovascular prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular disease genetics
  • Nutritional epidemiology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia are leading global risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Lifestyle interventions are recommended but their causal impact remains unclear.
  • Effective cardiovascular prevention strategies require understanding these causal links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal effects of diet, nutrition, and physical activity on hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.
  • To utilize multivariate Mendelian randomisation for robust causal inference.
  • To inform public health interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Multivariate Mendelian randomisation analysis using genetic data from public databases.
  • Employing MR Egger, weighted median, and inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods.
  • Conducting heterogeneity and multiplicity tests to ensure result reliability.

Main Results:

  • Low-calorie diets showed a positive association with hypertension (weighted median and IVW analyses).
  • Calcium supplements demonstrated significant effects on hyperlipidaemia across methods.
  • Dietary fibre and physical activity did not show significant causal links with hypertension or hyperlipidaemia.

Conclusions:

  • A low-calorie diet may be positively associated with hypertension.
  • Calcium supplements show significant effects on hyperlipidaemia, warranting further investigation.
  • Findings underscore the need for research into mechanisms and public health interventions for cardiovascular health.
Abstract

Keywords:
DietHyperlipidaemiaHypertensionMultivariate Mendelian randomisation analysisNutritionPhysical activity

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