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Beyond the gut: a comprehensive meta-analysis on Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiovascular complications
Somayeh Yaslianifard1, Fatemeh Sameni2,3, Kimia Kazemi1
1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is prevalent in 56.7% of vascular disease cases globally. This bacterium may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, warranting further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with chronic inflammation and extra-gastrointestinal disorders.
- The link between H. pylori infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires comprehensive assessment.
- Investigating H. pylori's role in non-gastrointestinal conditions is gaining attention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- To quantify the global frequency of H. pylori in various vascular diseases.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2023 from major databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase).
- Data extraction by multiple independent observers.
- Pooled prevalence calculated using a random-effects model with results reported as weighted averages and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Main Results:
- Analysis of 87 studies revealed a global H. pylori infection prevalence of 56.7% in vascular diseases.
- The cagA gene was present in 14.25% of H. pylori isolates.
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) was the most common vascular complication (31.07%), predominantly reported in Europe.
- A declining research focus on H. pylori and vascular disease association was observed.
Conclusions:
- H. pylori infection is highly frequent in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may elevate vascular disease risk.
- Further research is crucial, especially in regions with limited available data.
- The findings highlight the potential systemic impact of H. pylori beyond the gastrointestinal tract.
Background:
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to induce chronic inflammatory conditions, and interactions between the host immune system and pathogen have diverted attention toward investigating its correlation with extra-gastrointestinal disorders.
Objective:
The present study aimed to assess the rate of H. pylori infection in cardiovascular disease (CVD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods:
We conducted a large-scale meta-analysis to determine the prevalence rates of H. pylori infection in vascular diseases. Articles from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases published between 2000 and 2023 were included for analysis. We used multiple independent observers to extract data, calculated the pooled frequency of H. pylori in vascular diseases using a random effect model, and reported the results as a weighted average based on the study population. The main outcome measures were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results:
In 87 included studies, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in vascular diseases was 56.7% worldwide. 14.25% of H. pylori isolates harbored the cagA gene. The predominant vascular complication was coronary artery disease (CAD) (31.07%), primarily documented in Europe. This meta-analysis revealed a declining emphasis on studying the association of H. pylori infection with vascular disease in recent times.
Conclusion:
According to this meta-analysis, H. pylori infection has a high frequency in CVD and may increase the risk of vascular diseases. However, further research is required, particularly in nations with limited data.
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