Improved Pharyngeal Contraction and Oral Intake Status After Modified Central-Part Laryngectomy for Late-Stage ALS

To investigate the effects of modified central-part laryngectomy with pharyngeal space reduction (CPL-PR) on patients with weak deglutitive pharyngeal contraction, as seen in late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Retrospective case series.

Single-institution academic center.

Patients with late-stage ALS confined at The University of Tokyo Hospital between 2019 and March 2024 in whom CPL-PR had been performed were identified. Patients who had undergone simultaneous pharyngeal flap surgery or had no preoperative high-resolution manofluorography done were excluded. Preoperatively, penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) scores were determined via videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Functional oral intake scale (FOIS) scores and high-resolution manometric parameters were measured and compared preoperatively and postoperatively.

Eighteen patients were identified with a median age of 66.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 58.0-74.8). The median preoperative PAS score was 7.5 (IQR: 5.5-8.0), indicating severe dysphagia. There was significant improvement in oral intake status with FOIS scores increasing from 1 (IQR: 1-1) to 3 (IQR: 2-3) at 3 months postoperatively (P = .0002). Significant increases in velopharyngeal closure integral (P = .024) and mesohypopharyngeal contractile integral (P = .0001) were observed. Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) resting pressure was reduced (P = .0002), and UES relaxation time was prolonged during swallowing (P < .0001).

There were tangible improvements in pharyngeal contraction, UES bolus passage, and oral intake status following CPL-PR, which contribute to regaining oral intake in late-stage ALS. CPL-PR is an option for patients requiring tracheostomy who wish to prevent aspiration and regain their ability to take food orally.