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Airway Anomalies Predict Risk of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension

Elana R Kriegel1, Aditya Srinivasan1, Luke Mammen2

  • 1Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|March 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) is linked to heart and airway issues, especially in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Early screening by multidisciplinary teams is crucial for high-risk children with multiple comorbidities.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious condition leading to right heart failure and hypoxia.
  • Associations between PH and airway anomalies in children are complex and require further understanding.
  • Identifying at-risk pediatric patients for PH screening is essential for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pediatric pulmonary hypertension and co-occurring cardiopulmonary anomalies.
  • To identify specific congenital conditions associated with an increased risk of PH in children.
  • To inform the development of screening guidelines for pediatric PH.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study of pediatric patients from January 2021 to January 2023.
  • Analysis of inpatient, emergency department, and operating room records.
  • Utilized odds ratios and logistic regression to determine associations between PH and other anomalies.

Main Results:

  • PH was significantly associated with cardiac and airway anomalies (OR 3.26, p<0.05).
  • Key associated conditions include bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and chronic lung disease (CLD).
  • Down Syndrome (DS) was also found to be associated with PH.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric PH frequently co-occurs with other cardiopulmonary anomalies, indicating a high risk in patients with multiple comorbidities.
  • Multidisciplinary care teams should screen high-risk pediatric patients for PH.
  • Further research and quantification at multiple sites can aid in refining PH screening guidelines.
Abstract

Keywords:
airway anomaliespediatric cardiologypediatric otolaryngologypediatric pulmonologypulmonary hypertension

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