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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Referenceless 4D flow MRI using radial balanced SSFP at 0.6 T.

Charles McGrath1, Pietro Dirix1, Vincent Vousten1

  • 1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of four-dimensional-flow MRI at 0.6T using a novel 3D PC-bSSFP technique. The method provides adequate flow quantification and simultaneous cine imaging for cardiovascular assessment.

Keywords:
4D flow MRIbalanced steady state free precessionblood flow quantificationlow fieldphase contrast

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Four-dimensional-flow MRI (4D Flow MRI) enables comprehensive assessment of blood flow dynamics.
  • Implementing advanced 4D Flow MRI techniques on lower-field strength systems presents unique challenges.
  • Optimizing image acquisition and reconstruction is crucial for accurate flow quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and validate a free-running, three-dimensional (3D) radial, phase-contrast balanced steady-state free precession (PC-bSSFP) technique for 4D Flow MRI at 0.6T.
  • To assess the feasibility of referenceless background phase correction in this low-field setting.
  • To evaluate the performance of the developed 4D Flow MRI method for both anatomical visualization and flow quantification.

Main Methods:

  • A novel free-running, wobbling Archimedean spiral trajectory with bipolar velocity-encoding gradients (3D PC-bSSFP) was developed for a 0.6T scanner.
  • A three-point encoding scheme was used, omitting a reference scan, and referenceless background phase correction was applied using time-averaged reconstructions.
  • Image reconstruction employed a locally low-rank approach, with separate regularization for anatomical and flow data. In vivo data were acquired in 6 healthy subjects and compared with 2D PC-GRE reference scans.

Main Results:

  • Velocity data from 3D PC-bSSFP showed good agreement with 2D PC-GRE, with a root mean square error of 3.96 cm/s and minor velocity underestimation.
  • Signal-to-noise ratios for 3D PC-bSSFP remained relatively steady throughout the cardiac cycle compared to 2D PC-bSSFP, with some reduction during high-flow phases.
  • The method successfully provided simultaneous cine images and flow quantification, enabling concurrent assessment of cardiac and great vessel function.

Conclusions:

  • Free-running, referenceless 4D Flow MRI using radial 3D PC-bSSFP is feasible on a 0.6T system.
  • The technique yields adequate flow quantification and reasonable cine images for concurrent cardiovascular assessment.
  • This approach offers a promising avenue for accessible cardiovascular imaging on lower-field MRI scanners.