Neuro_DeFused-Net: A novel multi-scale 2DCNN architecture assisted diagnostic model for Parkinson's disease diagnosis...

Neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's Disease (PD), are serious and progressive conditions that significantly impact patients' motor functions and overall quality of life. Accurate and timely diagnosis is still crucial, but it is quite challenging. Understanding the changes in the brain linked to PD requires using neuroimaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL) methods, can potentially improve the precision of diagnosis.

In the current study, we present a novel approach that integrates T1-weighted structural MRI and rest-state functional MRI using multi-site-cum-multi-modality neuroimaging data. To maximize the richness of the data, our approach integrates deep feature-level fusion across these modalities. We proposed a custom multi-scale 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture that captures features at different spatial scales, enhancing the model's capacity to learn PD-related complex patterns.

With an accuracy of 97.12 %, sensitivity of 97.26 %, F1-Score of 97.63 %, Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.99, mean average precision (mAP) of 99.53 %, and Dice Coefficient of 0.97, the proposed Neuro_DeFused-Net diagnostic model performs exceptionally well. These results highlight the model's robust ability to distinguish PD patients from Controls (Normal), even across a variety of datasets and neuroimaging modalities.

Our findings demonstrate the transformational ability of AI-driven models to facilitate the early diagnosis of PD. The proposed Neuro_DeFused-Net model enables the rapid detection of health markers through fast analysis of complicated neuroimaging data. Thus, timely intervention and individualized treatment strategies lead to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.