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Risk Factors Associated With Coronary Disease in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review

Abdulazeez A Alsuheimy1, Ali B Aljuaid1, Falha N Albalawi2

  • 1Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, IRL.

Cureus
|March 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major health concern in Saudi Arabia. Key risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and education.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) presents a significant global health challenge, contributing to mortality and morbidity.
  • Recent research highlights the substantial burden of CAD within Saudi Arabia.
  • Understanding CAD risk factors is crucial for developing effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalent risk factors associated with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in the Saudi Arabian population.
  • To identify key modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to CAD incidence in the region.
  • To inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies for CAD in Saudi Arabia.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
  • Search parameters included studies published between January 1, 2010, and December 1, 2024.
  • The Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) model guided the research question refinement.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking were identified as the most common risk factors for CAD.
  • These factors significantly impact health outcomes and necessitate focused prevention efforts.
  • The findings underscore the urgency for community-based health education and clinical screening.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking is critical for reducing CAD burden in Saudi Arabia.
  • Targeted public health interventions and improved risk factor management are essential.
  • Enhanced health education promoting healthy habits can contribute to CAD prevention.

Keywords:
acute cardiac carecardiologycardiovascular diseasehealth care outcomesheart

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