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Development and Refinement of the Indian Caries Risk Assessment Tool for Children <6 Years of Age
Saima Y Khan1, Robert J Schroth2, Faraha Javed3
1Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Insights
A new caries risk assessment (CRA) tool was developed for Indian children under six to address early childhood caries (ECC). This evidence-based tool, refined with dental professional feedback, aids in personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Public Health
- Oral Health Research
Background:
- Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major oral health concern in India.
- Personalized risk-based care is crucial for dental caries prevention.
- A specific tool for assessing ECC risk factors in Indian children was lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and refine an evidence-based caries risk assessment (CRA) tool for Indian children under six years of age.
- To incorporate protective and risk factors specific to the Indian population.
- To create a practical tool for dental professionals.
Main Methods:
- Conducted stakeholder consultation sessions with 65 dental professionals and postgraduate residents.
- Collected feedback on the initial draft of the Indian CRA tool via a survey questionnaire.
- Descriptively analyzed participant preferences and recommendations for refinement.
Main Results:
- 82.7% of participants found the proposed questions sufficient for the Indian CRA tool.
- 86.5% indicated the tool would be understandable by parents.
- 96.2% agreed on the tool's importance for tailoring guidance and treatment.
Conclusions:
- A novel, evidence-based CRA tool for Indian preschoolers has been developed.
- The tool is user-friendly, practical, and considers Indian-specific ECC risk factors.
- It will assist dental practitioners in assessing risk and providing personalized preventive services.
Aim And Background:
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant oral health problem in India. Personalized care based on individual or group risk has become a key aspect of dental caries prevention and management. However, an appropriate tool for caries risk assessment (CRA), taking into consideration the protective and risk factors for ECC specific to the Indian population, does not exist. This study aimed to report on the development and refinement of an evidence-based CRA tool for Indian children <6 years of age through consultation and feedback by dental professionals.
Materials And Methods:
Stakeholder consultation sessions were conducted with 65 participants, which included dental professionals and postgraduate residents. A survey questionnaire was also used to collect feedback on the initial draft of the newly developed Indian CRA tool. Predominant preferences and recommendations for improvement were taken into consideration, and the data were descriptively analyzed.
Results:
The consultation sessions were conducted separately with three groups. A total of 80% of participants also completed the survey questionnaire. Survey questionnaire results reveal that 82.7% considered the current proposed questions in the Indian CRA tool to be sufficient, while 86.5% indicated that the tool would be understandable by parents. Overall, the majority of respondents (96.2%) agreed on the importance of the drafted Indian CRA tool for tailoring anticipatory guidance and treatment for individual children.
Conclusion:
The newly developed CRA tool for Indian preschool children will be a useful resource for dental practitioners to assess young children's individual caries risk levels and assist with providing a personalized preventive service to children. The developed tool was refined based on dental professional feedback and was found to be a user-friendly, simple, practical, and evidence-based approach.
Clinical Significance:
This study developed the first evidence-based CRA tool for preschoolers in India. Researchers drafted and then refined the tool through consultation with stakeholders. The final CRA tool is evidence- and algorithm-based, easy to use, and considers the risk factors specific to ECC of the Indian preschool population.
How To Cite This Article:
Khan SY, Schroth RJ, Javed F. Development and Refinement of the Indian Caries Risk Assessment Tool for Children <6 Years of Age. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(1):58-63.
