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Random evolutionary dynamics in predator-prey systems yields large, clustered ecosystems.

Christian H S Hamster1, Jorik Schaap2, Peter van Heijster3

  • 1Dutch Institute for Emergent Phenomena, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Korteweg-De Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing evolving species into predator-prey systems creates robust ecosystems. These complex ecosystems show emergent species clustering, linking function and evolutionary history.

Keywords:
Evolutionary modelingPhylogenetic clusteringPredator–prey models

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Predator-prey dynamics are fundamental to community ecology.
  • The Lotka-Volterra (LV) model is a foundational tool for studying these interactions.
  • Understanding how new species affect ecosystem stability and structure is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of introducing novel, evolving species into established predator-prey communities.
  • To explore the resulting ecosystem stability and species coexistence.
  • To identify emergent patterns in community structure related to evolutionary processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a stochastic approach to introduce new species into a two-trophic level Lotka-Volterra model.
  • Simulated the evolutionary dynamics of these newly introduced species within the predator-prey framework.
  • Analyzed the resulting community structure and species interactions.

Main Results:

  • The introduction of randomly evolving species resulted in highly robust ecosystems.
  • A large number of species were able to coexist within these simulated communities.
  • An emergent phenomenon of species clustering was observed, correlating functional traits with phylogenetic relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Evolving species introductions can enhance ecosystem stability and promote high species diversity.
  • Community structure can exhibit emergent clustering, reflecting the interplay between evolution and ecological interactions.
  • Phylogenetic history appears to be a significant factor in the functional organization of complex ecosystems.