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Subperiosteal Implants: A Lost Art Worth Revisiting?
Ryan Goh1, Cedryck Vaquette2, Omar Breik3
1Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia.
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research
|March 20, 2025
Summary
Subperiosteal implants, historically problematic, are regaining interest for complex dental reconstructions. Innovations in bone grafting and materials are key to improving their long-term success.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Dental Implantology
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Subperiosteal implants were widely used for jaw rehabilitation from the 1940s to 1980s.
- Their popularity declined with the advent of endosseous osseointegrated implants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review historical challenges associated with subperiosteal implants.
- To explore potential improvements for 21st-century applications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of historical and contemporary data on subperiosteal implants.
- Analysis of failure modes and potential solutions.
Main Results:
- Historical complications included hardware exposure, mobility, and pain, often linked to transmucosal post bacterial colonization.
- Current interest is driven by applications in patients with significant bone loss after oncological ablation.
Conclusions:
- Addressing historical issues requires exploring advanced bone grafting techniques and novel implant materials.
- Improvements are necessary for the successful reintegration of subperiosteal implants in modern dentistry.
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