Clinical Outcomes of PCI in Hospitals With or Without Surgical Backup: A Meta-analysis

Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) have seen a steady rise. Recent guidelines have established that PCIs conducted at non-surgical on-site (NSOS) facilities have low complication rates and outcomes comparable to surgical on-site (SOS) centers. However, differing perspectives in the growing literature continue to sustain controversy. A thorough literature review was performed across four databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify studies comparing outcomes between hospitals. The primary endpoints were: 30-day mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), emergency coronary artery bypass surgery (eCABG), rePCI, and target vessel revascularization (TVR). The final search yielded 22 studies, including a total of 2,181,897 patients. The majority of patients (71.9%) underwent PCI in SOS hospitals. There was a significant association of increased eCABG (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.08-3.67) and rePCI (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.37-1.91) rates in SOS hospitals. However, 30-day mortality (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.53-1.54), MI (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.91-1.28), CVA (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.69-1.86), and TVR (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.92-1.21) showed no significant difference between hospitals. Subgroup analyses among clinical trials and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients found no significant associations. Conclusively, this meta-analysis provides updated insight into the impact of SOS on PCI outcomes, having no difference except for eCABG and rePCI rates.