Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2025
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Complete Cleft Lip and Palate in the
Wanchaloem Theprungsirikul1, Aggasit Manosudprasit1, Supanigar Ruangsri2
1Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Insights
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 8.8% of children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Oropharyngeal airway dimensions correlate with OSA severity in these patients, necessitating early screening and management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Craniofacial Medicine
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) can impact airway development.
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence in this population is not well-established.
- Early identification of OSA risk factors is crucial for management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of OSA in children with nonsyndromic UCLP.
- To investigate factors associated with OSA in this cohort.
- To explore the relationship between airway dimensions and OSA severity.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 102 patients (aged 7-15) with nonsyndromic UCLP.
- Utilized the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) for OSA risk screening.
- Employed portable polysomnography (PSG) for definitive OSA diagnosis and severity assessment.
Main Results:
- 8.8% of participants screened positive for OSA risk via PSQ.
- PSG confirmed mild OSA in 7 patients and moderate OSA in 2 patients.
- No significant correlation found between OSA and other contributing factors, but reduced oropharyngeal airway dimensions correlated with increased OSA severity.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of OSA in children with UCLP is 8.8%, indicating an inherent predisposition.
- Oropharyngeal airway alterations are linked to OSA severity in this population.
- Comprehensive management including screening, counseling, and referrals is essential for UCLP patients.
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to study the associations between contributing factors and OSA.DesignProspective study adopting pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and portable polysomnography (PSG) in patients at high risk of OSA.SettingTawanchai Cleft Center, Khon Kaen University.PatientsPatients aged 7 to 15 years with nonsyndromic UCLP.Main Outcome MeasureA PSQ score ≥8 was positive for OSA risk. Potential contributing factors included sex, weight for height, Friedman tongue position, tonsil grading, dental occlusion, transverse discrepancy, daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and pharyngeal airway.ResultsThe study population comprised 102 participants (mean age, 9.67 years). Nine (8.8%) patients had a high risk of OSA, based on PSQ results. On PSG, 7 (77.8%) patients had mild OSA and 2 (22.2%) patients had moderate OSA. The mean respiratory event index (REI) was 3.47 ± 1.65 events/h. OSA severity and contributing factors were not correlated. The minimal cross-sectional area and total airway volume showed a moderate negative correlation, with significant alterations observed at the oropharyngeal level. Reduced dimensions correlated with increased OSA severity at the oropharyngeal level, as demonstrated by a moderate negative correlation with REI.ConclusionsOSA risk among patients with UCLP was 8.8%. While this rate may seem moderate relative to that of the general population, it indicates that patients with UCLP have an inherent predisposition to OSA. This highlights the importance of comprehensive management, including PSQ screening, evidence-based counseling, and appropriate specialist referrals.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Assessment of the Mouth
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
01:23Chronic Pharyngitis
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
01:30Tonsillitis I: Introduction
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.