scVAEDer: integrating deep diffusion models and variational autoencoders for single-cell transcriptomics analysis

Discovering a lower-dimensional embedding of single-cell data can improve downstream analysis. The embedding should encapsulate both the high-level features and low-level variations. While existing generative models attempt to learn such low-dimensional representations, they have limitations. Here, we introduce scVAEDer, a scalable deep-learning model that combines the power of variational autoencoders and deep diffusion models to learn a meaningful representation that retains both global structure and local variations. Using the learned embeddings, scVAEDer can generate novel scRNA-seq data, predict perturbation response on various cell types, identify changes in gene expression during dedifferentiation, and detect master regulators in biological processes.