Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model01:12

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model

172
Extravascular administration, such as oral or intramuscular routes, is a non-invasive drug delivery method, often preferred for ease and patient compliance. A key factor here is absorption, which dictates how quickly and effectively the drug enters the bloodstream from the administration site. Absorption follows either zero-order or first-order kinetics.
Zero-order absorption maintains a steady rate irrespective of the amount of drug left to be absorbed, making it a constant process. In the...
172
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

47
The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
47
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

154
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
154
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Infusion01:15

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Infusion

337
A two-compartment model is a vital tool in pharmacokinetics, providing an essential understanding of drug behavior, especially for those administered via zero-order intravenous infusion. This model outlines two compartments: the central compartment, where elimination occurs, and the peripheral compartment.
The model illustrates the decrease in plasma drug concentration from the central compartment with a specific equation. It shows that under steady-state conditions, the drug's input rate...
337
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

112
The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
112
Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

1.4K
Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Real-world integration of an autonomous artificial intelligence system for diabetic retinopathy screening in an endocrinology outpatient clinic.

The British journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Stresses and fluid flow in lamina cribrosa through anisotropic poroelasticty.

ArXiv·2026
Same author

Stresses and fluid flow in lamina cribrosa through anisotropic poroelasticity.

Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology·2026
Same author

The Effects of Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Drops on the Tear Film Assessed by a Novel High-Resolution Tear Film Imager.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

A theoretical model for the influence of age, race and ethnicity on retinal mitochondria dysfunction.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same author

Peripapillary Vessel Density Mediates the Relationship Between Axial Length and Visual Field Damage in Glaucoma.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same journal

Impact of a New SARS-CoV-2 Variant on the Population: A Mathematical Modeling Approach.

Mathematical & computational applications·2025
Same journal

Impact of Infective Immigrants on COVID-19 Dynamics.

Mathematical & computational applications·2023
Same journal

Markov Chain-Based Sampling for Exploring RNA Secondary Structure under the Nearest Neighbor Thermodynamic Model and Extended Applications.

Mathematical & computational applications·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis
04:41

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis

Published on: May 24, 2015

11.6K

Reduced-Order Model for Cell Volume Homeostasis: Application to Aqueous Humor Production.

Riccardo Sacco1,2, Greta Chiaravalli3, Giovanna Guidoboni4

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg 22-86, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Mathematical & Computational Applications
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell volume homeostasis is crucial for survival. This study models aqueous humor production, revealing charged proteins and Na+/K+ pumps significantly impact cell volume and AH production, unlike carbonic anhydrase.

Keywords:
aqueous humor productioncell volumehomeostasishomogeneous mixturesmathematical modeling

More Related Videos

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis
08:08

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis

Published on: February 19, 2018

8.6K
Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses
08:28

Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses

Published on: April 6, 2016

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis
04:41

Whole Vitreous Humor Dissection for Vitreodynamic Analysis

Published on: May 24, 2015

11.6K
Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis
08:08

Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis

Published on: February 19, 2018

8.6K
Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses
08:28

Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses

Published on: April 6, 2016

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Physiology
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Cell volume regulation is vital for homeostasis and survival.
  • Understanding aqueous humor production is key for ocular health, particularly in glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model of cell volume homeostasis.
  • To simulate human aqueous humor production using this model.
  • To investigate factors influencing aqueous humor production and cell volume.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical model of a spherical cell with radial deformation.
  • Described cytoplasm as a mixture of fluid, ions, and solutes.
  • Solved coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the θ-method and ode15s in Matlab.
  • Simulated baseline conditions and tested parameter importance.

Main Results:

  • Charged proteins and Na+/K+ pumps significantly influence aqueous humor production and cell volume.
  • Carbonic anhydrase has minimal impact at low carbon dioxide levels.
  • Intraocular pressure affects the process at elevated levels.

Conclusions:

  • The model highlights the critical roles of charged proteins and Na+/K+ ATPase in aqueous humor dynamics.
  • This computational model can guide further research and data analysis for ocular disease prevention and treatment, including glaucoma.