Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions in acute kidney injury: a literature review

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Molecular Biology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant morbidity and socioeconomic burdens.
• Understanding AKI's molecular underpinnings is crucial for effective prevention and management.
• Research has identified key themes including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms driving AKI.
• To explore therapeutic strategies targeting identified molecular pathways.
• To provide insights for future AKI research and treatment development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of molecular mechanisms in AKI.
• Analysis of pathophysiological characteristics, early identification, and therapeutic approaches.
• Synthesis of information on oxidative stress, inflammation, RAAS, mitochondrial damage, autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis.

Main Results:

• Inflammatory pathways are implicated in injury across all kidney structural components.
• Key molecular mechanisms include oxidative stress, immune cell-mediated injury, and RAAS activation.
• Various therapeutic techniques and pharmacological agents targeting these pathways were summarized.

Conclusions:

• A thorough understanding of AKI's molecular mechanisms is essential.
• This review offers novel insights for advancing AKI research.
• Facilitating efficient therapeutic strategies to prevent AKI progression is a primary goal.