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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Low flow: Selecting a limited flow cytometry panel where resources are constrained.

Ailie Ross1, Donna Rudd1, Joel Wight2

  • 1College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 Solander drive, Building 87, Douglas, 4814, Townsville, Australia.

Blood Reviews
|March 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Limited access to pathology services hinders diagnosing haematological malignancies (HM) in resource-limited settings (RLS). This review examines using limited flow cytometry (FCM) panels for HM diagnosis in RLS.

Keywords:
Antibody panelFlow cytometryHaematological neoplasmImmunophenotypingLMICLimited panelRLSResource-stratified guidelines

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pathology
  • Flow Cytometry

Background:

  • Diagnosis and treatment of haematological malignancies (HM) are significantly challenged in resource-limited settings (RLS) due to restricted access to essential pathology services.
  • Internationally accepted diagnostic criteria for HM necessitate advanced techniques like comprehensive flow cytometry (FCM), which present substantial technical hurdles in RLS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the shortcomings in diagnosing HM in RLS, focusing on the limitations of flow cytometry (FCM) accessibility and application.
  • To examine the feasibility and utility of employing limited FCM panels for HM diagnosis within the constraints of RLS.
  • To identify the unmet need for evidence-based, resource-stratified diagnostic protocols for common HM, particularly acute leukaemias, in RLS.

Main Methods:

  • This study conducted a systematic review of existing literature.
  • The review focused on identifying and defining consensus-based limited FCM panels applicable in RLS for diagnosing haematological malignancies.
  • The analysis specifically considered protocols for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and highlighted the absence of guidelines for acute leukaemia.

Main Results:

  • A consensus guideline for a limited chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) FCM panel exists but requires further validation in larger cohorts.
  • Currently, there is a lack of consensus-based, resource-stratified diagnostic protocols for limited FCM panels essential for diagnosing acute leukaemias in RLS.
  • The review identified potential consensus-based limited FCM panels from the literature that can serve as interim solutions for HM diagnosis in resource-constrained environments.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for validated, resource-stratified diagnostic guidelines for haematological malignancies (HM) in resource-limited settings (RLS), particularly for acute leukaemias.
  • Limited flow cytometry (FCM) panels, identified through systematic review, offer a potential interim strategy for improving HM diagnosis in RLS.
  • Further research and validation are required to establish robust, evidence-based protocols for limited FCM use in RLS to ensure accurate HM diagnosis and treatment.