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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
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Developing a General Construal Questionnaire.

Yidan Yin1, Robert Barrett2, Michele Williams3

  • 1Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the General Construal Questionnaire to measure abstract and concrete thinking tendencies. Findings reveal these distinct thinking styles uniquely influence personality, goals, and perception.

Keywords:
abstract construalconcrete construalindividual differencescale development

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Construal Level Theory (CLT) explains how abstract and concrete thinking influence perception.
  • Existing research primarily uses situational approaches to study construal levels.
  • A need exists for a measure assessing general, individual differences in abstract and concrete thinking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the General Construal Questionnaire (GCQ).
  • To differentiate abstract and concrete construals as distinct individual tendencies.
  • To explore the unique correlates of abstract and concrete thinking.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the General Construal Questionnaire (GCQ).
  • Psychometric validation of the GCQ.
  • Correlational analyses examining relationships between construal levels and other psychological variables.

Main Results:

  • The GCQ successfully measures general tendencies toward abstract and concrete thinking.
  • Abstract construal is associated with extraversion, openness, future-orientation, promotion goals, and cognitive preference.
  • Concrete construal is linked to conscientiousness, present-focus, prevention goals, and detail-orientation.

Conclusions:

  • Abstract and concrete thinking are distinct individual difference factors.
  • These distinct construal levels have unique psychological correlates.
  • The GCQ enables new research avenues beyond situational construal.