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Autonomic function classification and sleep quality among young adults in Central Java, Indonesia: A cluster

Vivi Leona Amelia1,2, Chia-Hui Wang1, Nurina Jihan Yulianti3

  • 1School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.

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Autonomic nervous system (ANS) profiles were clustered to understand sleep quality in young adults. Specific ANS patterns were linked to both good and poor sleep quality, informing health programs.

Keywords:
Autonomic functionHeart rate variabilityHigh-frequencyLow-frequencySleep qualityVery-low-frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Sleep Science
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Sleep quality is intrinsically linked to autonomic nervous system (ANS) function.
  • Disruptions in sleep often signify underlying dysregulation within the ANS.
  • Identifying distinct autonomic function profiles associated with sleep quality is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize autonomic function profiles in relation to sleep quality among young adults.
  • To utilize cluster analysis to reveal patterns of autonomic nervous system activity corresponding to different sleep quality levels.
  • To provide a foundation for developing improved methods for assessing sleep quality and implementing health promotion strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 437 individuals aged 18-26 years in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia.
  • Autonomic function assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (LF, VLF, HF bands).
  • Sleep quality evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and analyzed using k-means cluster analysis with the silhouette method.

Main Results:

  • Five distinct autonomic function clusters were identified across participants.
  • Three clusters (n=381) were associated with poor sleep quality, showing varied patterns of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity.
  • Two clusters (n=56) were associated with good sleep quality, characterized by specific combinations of high/low ANS, SNS, and PNS activity.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct autonomic function profiles are associated with varying degrees of sleep quality in young adults.
  • Understanding these clusters is vital for advancing sleep quality measurement techniques.
  • This research supports the development of effective health promotion programs targeting sleep and autonomic balance.