Roles of autophagy and long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and is characterized by its poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies. Autophagy and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical yet complex roles in GC, functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters depending on the disease stage and context. Autophagy influences cellular homeostasis and metabolism, whereas lncRNAs regulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, RNA sponging, and protein interactions. Notably, the interplay between lncRNAs and autophagy modulates tumor progression, metastasis, chemoresistance, and the tumor microenvironment. This study explored the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and autophagy in GC, highlighting their roles in pathogenesis and treatment resistance. By addressing current knowledge gaps and proposing innovative therapeutic strategies, we have emphasized the potential of targeting this dynamic interplay for improved diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.