Dataset of accumulated internal gas pressure and temperature during lithium-ion battery operation and ageing

The experimental data presented are relates to the research article entitled "in-situ measurement of internal gas pressure within cylindrical lithium-ion cells" [1]. In brief, internal gas pressure that provides deeper insights into the reversible and irreversible gas generation inside a lithium-on cell was directly measured using a novel bespoke embedded sensor system during cell operation and long-term ageing. Battery performance assessment data was obtained from reference performance tests (RPTs) conducted after each instrumentation stages (defined in [1] as: pristine, modified and instrumented conditions) and at 20-cycle ageing intervals, while ageing data was collected over a total of 100 cycles. Key characterisation parameters, such as cell voltage, discharge capacity at a current of 1C discharge, direct current internal resistance (DCIR) at different states of charge (100 %, 80 % and 50 % SOC), cell surface temperature and internal gas temperature were recorded using instrumented commercial cylindrical cells (LG-Chem INR21700-M50) with embedded pressure sensors. This data provides insights into gas generation within cylindrical cells and demonstrates the inherent coupling between state of charge (SOC), degradation and temperature and pressure variation. The published data provides valuable resources for enhanced battery diagnostics and development of data-driven models to estimate state of charge and state of health (SOH) for advanced battery safety monitoring and BMS control systems.