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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Patch Testing to Identify Allergens Causing Pigmented Contact Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study.

Shini Choubey1, Nithya Satish2, Chakravarthi R Srinivas1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, KIMS Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Indian Dermatology Online Journal
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD) in Indian patients is often caused by paraphenylenediamine (PPD) and fragrances. Patch testing identified these common allergens, aiding in diagnosis and treatment of PCD.

Keywords:
Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentationRiehl’s melanosispatch testingpigmented contact dermatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Contact Dermatitis

Background:

  • Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD) is a common skin condition in Indian dermatology clinics.
  • Patch testing is the standard diagnostic method for PCD.
  • Identifying specific allergens and demographic patterns is crucial for effective PCD management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinico-demographic characteristics of PCD patients in India.
  • To identify common allergens responsible for PCD using patch testing.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 30 patients diagnosed with PCD.
  • Clinico-demographic data collection and patch testing using the extended Indian Standard Series kit (56 antigens).
  • Additional patch testing with specific cultural products and patient-provided materials.

Main Results:

  • The male:female ratio was 1:1.7, with the face being the most common site (70%).
  • Patch tests were positive in 83.3% of patients.
  • Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) and fragrance mix were the most frequent allergens (28% and 24%, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is the primary allergen causing PCD in this cohort.
  • Fragrances are the second most common group of allergens implicated in PCD.
  • Further studies with photo-patch testing could identify additional allergens.