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Application Effectiveness of a Pre-Analytical Quality Management Pathway Based on the Structure-Process-Outcome Model
Liping Cui1, Wanling Li1,2, Yueqin Li3
1Department of Nursing, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
|March 24, 2025
Summary
Implementing the structure-process-outcome (SPO) model for pre-analytical quality control significantly reduced non-compliant lab samples and improved nursing practices, patient satisfaction, and clinician trust. This quality management pathway enhances laboratory testing and patient care.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Laboratory Science
- Healthcare Quality Improvement
- Patient Safety
Background:
- Pre-analytical errors significantly impact laboratory testing quality and patient outcomes.
- Effective quality control in the pre-analytical phase is crucial for reliable diagnostic results.
- The structure-process-outcome (SPO) model provides a framework for assessing and improving healthcare processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of an SPO-model-guided pre-analytical quality control pathway on laboratory testing quality.
- To assess the effects on nursing practices, patient satisfaction, and clinician trust in test results.
- To determine the effectiveness of a structured approach to pre-analytical quality management.
Main Methods:
- A before-and-after study design was employed in a tertiary hospital.
- An SPO-guided pre-analytical quality management pathway was implemented, involving multidisciplinary teams and standardized procedures.
- Key metrics including non-compliant sample rates, nursing knowledge and behavior, operational standardization, patient satisfaction, and clinician trust were compared between control and observation groups.
Main Results:
- The observation group demonstrated significantly lower rates of non-compliance for various sample types (p < 0.01).
- Nurses' knowledge (Cohen's d = 0.44) and behaviors (Cohen's d = 1.56) showed significant improvement.
- Operational standardization, patient satisfaction, and clinician trust all increased significantly in the observation group (p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
- The SPO-based pre-analytical quality management pathway effectively enhanced laboratory testing quality and associated outcomes.
- This intervention led to measurable improvements in sample integrity, nursing performance, and stakeholder confidence.
- The implemented pathway offers a valuable reference for institutions seeking to optimize pre-analytical quality control.
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