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Quantitative Static and Dynamic Assessment of Balance Control in Stroke Patients
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Associations Between Cognitive Profiles and Balance in Essential Tremor.

Nathan Hantke1,2, Barbara H Brumbach1,3, Lauren Siegel4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements (New York, N.Y.)
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential tremor (ET) can involve cognitive, gait, and balance issues. Specific cognitive subtypes, like low memory or executive function, are linked to worse balance and gait in ET patients, independent of medication.

Keywords:
balancecognitionessential tremorgaitneuropsychology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders
  • Cognitive Neurology

Background:

  • Essential Tremor (ET) is recognized as a heterogeneous disorder.
  • ET can manifest with gait, balance, and cognitive impairments.
  • Cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit disruption underlies ET's diverse symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify cognitive subtypes in Essential Tremor (ET) patients.
  • Examine the correlation between ET cognitive subtypes and gait/balance dysfunction.
  • Hypothesize that greater cognitive difficulties in ET correlate with worse gait and balance.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological and physical therapy evaluations were performed on 71 ET individuals.
  • Gait and balance were assessed using Mini-BESTest, Timed Up and Go, and SARA.
  • ET participants were categorized into Cognitively Normal, Low Executive Function/Processing Speed, and Low Memory Multi-domain groups.

Main Results:

  • Worse Mini-BESTest and SARA scores were observed in Low Memory and Low Executive Function groups compared to cognitively normal ET.
  • The Timed Up and Go test showed poorer performance in the Low Executive Function group.
  • Age and education were significant predictors for gait and balance measures; medication was not directly associated with clinical tests but predicted falls.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive dysfunction in ET can present as processing speed or immediate memory deficits.
  • These ET cognitive subtypes are associated with increased gait and balance difficulties.
  • The observed gait and balance impairments in ET subtypes are not explained by medication use.