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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Longitudinal Association Between Multimorbidity, Participating Activity, and Cognitive Function: Cross-lagged

Shuojia Wang1,2,3, Zikuan Yang4, Yilin Chen1

  • 1Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, China.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multimorbidity and cognitive function have a two-way link in older adults, with physical and leisure activities acting as key mediators. This association was not seen in individuals without the APOE ε4 gene variant.

Keywords:
Bidirectional associationCognitive functionLeisure activityMultimorbidityPhysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous research suggests a link between multimorbidity and cognitive function, but the direction and mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Older adults are particularly vulnerable to the interplay between multiple chronic conditions and cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional relationship between multimorbidity and cognitive function in older adults.
  • To examine the mediating roles of physical activity and leisure activity in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 5,546 dementia-free Americans aged 60+ from the Health and Retirement Study (2008-2016).
  • Assessed multimorbidity using the multimorbidity weight index and cognitive function via the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status.
  • Employed cross-lagged panel models to analyze the associations and mediation effects.

Main Results:

  • A significant bidirectional association was found between multimorbidity and cognitive function.
  • Higher multimorbidity predicted lower cognitive function (β = -0.064), and lower cognitive function predicted higher multimorbidity (β = -0.024).
  • Physical and leisure activities significantly mediated these associations, with the effect being more pronounced from multimorbidity to cognitive function.

Conclusions:

  • A negative bidirectional association exists between multimorbidity and cognitive function in older adults.
  • Physical and leisure activities play a crucial role in mediating this relationship.
  • The bidirectional association was only evident in individuals who were not carriers of the APOE ε4 gene variant.